Pest Insect and Disease Biology and Monitoring

• Order Mid-Atlantic Orchard Monitoring Guide
• Biological and monitoring information for orchard arthropods: Reprinted with permission from Mid-Atlantic Orchard Monitoring Guide, published by NRAES, 152 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-5701. (607) 255-7654
 
• Direct Pests of Pear - affecting fruit directly
 
• Codling moth
• Oriental fruit moth
• Pear rust mite
• Pear sawfly
• Pearleaf blister mite
• Indirect Pests of Pear - affecting other parts of the plant
 
• Pear psylla
• Spider mites
• Pearleaf blister mite
• Pear slug
• San Jose scale
• Periodical cicada
• Current pheromone trap data for selected pome fruit pests
 
• Virginia Counties:
• 2008:  Montgomery, Madison (see Graves Apple and Peach data), Nelson, Rappahannock, Winchester
• 2004: Albemarle, Amherst, Botetourt, Montgomery, Madison (see Graves Apple and Peach data), Nelson, Rappahannock, Winchester
• 2003: Albemarle, Amherst, Montgomery, Madison (see Graves Apple and Peach data), Nelson, Rappahannock, Winchester
• 2002: Albemarle (Covesville; Miller School), Amherst, Botetourt,Montgomery (also see 2001), Nelson, Patrick, Rappahannock
• West Virginia
• Degree-day use and interpretation for growers
• Degree-day targets for CM, OFM and TBM


• Tree Fruit Pests of the Month!
• Fruit Disease Focus, prepared by Alan Biggs at the West Virginia Fruit Lab
• Fruit Insect Focus, prepared by Henry Hogmire at the West Virginia Fruit Lab
• Biological and monitoring information for pear diseases:
• Disease information and index of photos
• Fire blight alternatives - Paul Steiner

 
• The Orchard Monitor, a biweekly newsletter on fruit IPM from West Virginia University

 
• WSU Pear Entomology page

• En español: El Manual de Monitoreo de Plagas, Enemigos Naturales y Enfermidades del Manzano, Peral y Cerezo: Una Guia Ilustrada para el estado de Washington (Orchard Monitoring Manual for Pests, Natural Enemies and Diseases of Apple, Pear and Cherry: An Illustrated Guide for Washington State)

Biological Control

• Predators of Mites and AphidsReprinted with permission from Mid-Atlantic Orchard Monitoring Guide, published by NRAES, 152 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-5701. (607) 255-7654

 
Predators of Mites - L.A. Hull and R. L. Horsburgh
 
• Stethorus punctum
• Amblyseius fallacis
• Zetzellia mali
• Minute pirate bugs
• Black hunter
• Predatory mirids
Predators of aphids - D. G. Pfeiffer and H. W. Hogmire
 
• Syrphid flies
• Aphid midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza
• Green and brown lacewings
• Ladybird beetles
• Minute pirate bugs
• Toxicity to Orchard Predators from Pesticides [from 2007 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers (Virginia and West Virginia Coop. Ext. Pub. 456-419)]

• Biological Control: Natural Enemies of North America (Cornell)

 
• Entomopathogenic Nematodes
    General information (OSU)
    Certis USA (source for entomopathogenic nematodes)

Chemical Control

• Your Nearest Poison Control Center - (800) 222-1222

• Control Recommendations (Use caution, because pest species and recommended controls vary regionally. Recommendations for commericial use and home use are made separately for specific reasons. Many pesticides used by commercial growers require applicators to be certified; these may not legally be purchased or applied by non-certified applicators. Materials recommended for home fruit production are safer for application in the typical homeowner environment.).
• Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland 2009 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers (Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland Coop. Ext. Pub. 456-419) (Complete PDF version - hard copy of 2009 guide - $12.60 including tax.  Shipping will be charged; call 540-231-1322)

(Abridged html 2010 version)
• IPM Introduction
• Tables of recommendations
• Text on Insecticides
• Degree-day targets for CM, OFM and TBM
• Mode of action
• Text on Fungicides and Bactericides (WVU)
• Orchard Nutritional Programs (WVU)
• Nematode Management (WVU)
• 2010  Pest Management Guide for Home Fruit (Virginia Coop. Ext. Pub. 456-018) in PDF format(Abridged html version) (The Pest Management Guide is available on-line for free. Hard copies are also available for $5.00 plus $5.27 shipping).  Call 540-231-1322.
• Disease and Insects
• Weeds
• 2008-2009 Penn State Tree Fruit Spray Recommendations
• North Carolina 2008 Pest Management Recommendations
• New York 2009 Pest Management Recommendations
• Midwest 2009 Orchard Pest Management Recommendations
• Midwest  Tree Fruit Pest Management Handbook
• Washington 2009 Pest Management Recommendations (PDF)


• Toxicity to Orchard Predators from Pesticides [from 2010 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers (Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland Coop. Ext. Pub. 456-419)]
• Toxicity to Honey Bees of Fruit Insecticides [from 2010 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers (Virginia and West Virginia Coop. Ext. Pub. 456-419)]
 
• Environmental Impact Quotient, developed at Cornell University to determine the environmental impact of orchard insecticides (updated by Cornell July 2003)

• Regulatory updates on pesticides:

• Pesticide labels, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and Toxicological and environmental profiles of specific pesticides in Virginia-West Virginia-Maryland recommendations, also through CDMS link


• Pesticide labels, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) from CDMS

• EPA Text on Pesticide Poisoning

• Information on organic pest control.

• Airblast sprayer calibration (Virginia Tech)


• A student demonstration on airblast calibration

• Modes of Action Classification Scheme for Insecticides (PDF), in Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) group site (see IRAC Classification), and Fungicides (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) site

• Insecticide Resistance Management (Breeze)

• NPIRS State Pesticide Information Retrieval System 

• Pesticide legislation - Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) (U. S. Senate web links)

Pheromone-based Monitoring and Management

• Labels for mating disruption products

• Codling moth: Isomate-C TT, Disrupt CM-Xtra, Checkmate-CM, Checkmate CM-F,
  
• Oriental fruit moth: Isomate-M Rosso, Isomate-OFM TT,  Disrupt OFM, Checkmate OFM, Checkmate -OFM-F (Suterra sprayable),
• Grape berry moth: Isomate-GBM Plus, SPLAT-GBM,
  
• Lesser peachtree borer: Isomate-LPTB (MSDS),
• Peachtree borer: Isomate-P  (MSDS),
• CheckMate Puffer CM-O (Suterra)
  
• CheckMate Puffer OFM-O (Suterra)

 
• Syllabus for Arthropod Pest Management in Fruit Crops
• Lecture outline for pear IPM

• Illinois Weed Identification key (illustrated)
• WSSA (Weed Science Society of America) (includes photo gallery of weeds)
• Page from WSU

• Southeast Regional Small Fruit and Vegetable Conference, Savannah GA, 7-10 January 2010.
  
• Western Orchard Pest and Disease Management Conference. Portland OR, 13-15 Jan 2010.
• Entomological Society of America Eastern Branch, Annapolis MD, 7-9 Mar 2010.
  
• XVII International Plant Protection Congress - Honolulu, Hawaii, August 6 - 10, 2011
• IOBC/WPRS Working Group (see list of IOBC meetings).