Fruit Pesticides Toxic to Honey Bees
- Highly toxic (severe losses may be expected if
bees are present during spraying, or become active in the orchard
within
a few days after spraying):
- azinphosmethyl (Guthion), beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid XL),
bifenazate
(Acramite), carbaryl (Sevin), chorpyrifos (Lorsban, Nufos, Yuma),
cyfluthrin (Tombstone), deltamethrin (Battalion, Decis), diazinon,
dimethoate (Cygon), emamectin benzoate (Proclaim), esfenvalerate
(Asana, Adjourn), fenpropathrin (Danitol),
formetanate hydrochloride (Carzol), gamma-cyhalothrin (Proaxis),
imidacloprid
(Provado, Pasada), indoxacarb (Avaunt), lamda-cyhalothrin (Warrior,
Lambda-Cy), methomyl
(Lannate), methidathion
(Supracide),
paraquat (Gramoxone), permethrin (Ambush, Perm-UP, Pounce), phosmet
(Imidan), pyridaben (Nexter), spinosad
(SpinTor, Entrust),
spinetoram (Delegate), spirodiclofen (Envidor), thiamethoxam
(Actara), zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang Max)
- Moderately toxic (These materials should
be applied only during the late evening or early morning. They should
not
be applied directly on bees in the field or on colonies)
- acetamiprid (Assail), clothianidin (Clutch), endosulfan
(Thionex), oxamyl (Vydate), spirotetramat (Movento)
- Relatively nontoxic
- acequinocyl (Kanemite), abarmectin (Agri-Mek, Abba, Temprano),
azadirachtin (Aza-direct), Bacillus
thuringiensis,
buprofezin (Centaur), captan, clofentezine (Apollo), CM granulovirus
(Cyd-X, Carpovirusine), diflubenzuron (Dimilin), dodine (Syllit),
etoxazole (Zeal),
fenbutatin
oxide (Vendex), fenpyroximate (Portal), ferbam, flonicamid (Beleaf),
hexythiazox (Savey, Onager),
Isomate, kaolin
(Surround),
maneb, methoxyfenozide (Intrepid), novaluron (Rimon), Ovex (Ovotran),
pheromones, pyriproxyfen
(Esteem), thiram, thiacloprid (Calypso), wettable
sulfur, most herbicides
Douglas G. Pfeiffer,
Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech